
How a simple idea revolutionized global finance. "Visa" chronicles Dee Hock's vision that transformed how billions shop worldwide. From Bank of Italy to Olympic sponsorships, this financial epic reveals how accessible credit democratized commerce. What everyday technology changed money forever?
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In the early 1900s, a young Italian immigrant named Amadeo Peter Giannini had a revolutionary idea. He believed that banking should serve not just the wealthy elite, but everyday working people. This vision was born from personal tragedy - Giannini's father was murdered over a mere one-dollar debt. The injustice of this event ignited a passion in young Amadeo to democratize finance and empower the common man. As I delved into researching the origins of VISA, I was struck by Giannini's unwavering commitment to this ideal. In 1904, he founded the Bank of Italy in San Francisco, determined to provide financial services to immigrants, laborers, and small business owners who were typically shunned by traditional banks. Giannini's approach was radical for the time - he actively sought out these underserved communities, even learning multiple languages to better connect with his diverse clientele. The true test of Giannini's vision came in 1906, when a devastating earthquake struck San Francisco. While other banks barricaded their vaults, Giannini salvaged what cash he could and set up a makeshift bank on a wharf, extending loans to help rebuild the city. This bold move not only saved his fledgling bank but cemented its reputation as an institution that truly served the people. As Giannini's bank grew into Bank of America, his commitment to financial inclusion never wavered. He pioneered concepts we now take for granted - branch banking, auto loans, and perhaps most significantly, the idea of revolving credit for consumers. This last innovation would plant the seeds for what would eventually become VISA.
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