
Oliver Sacks' "Awakenings" chronicles patients frozen by encephalitis lethargica, suddenly reawakened decades later. This masterpiece - praised by W.H. Auden and transformed into an Oscar-nominated film starring Robin Williams - explores profound questions about consciousness that continue to haunt modern neuroscience.
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Imagine waking up one morning to discover you're trapped inside your own body-conscious but unable to move, speak, or express yourself. This was the reality for victims of the mysterious encephalitis lethargica epidemic that swept across the globe between 1916 and 1927, affecting nearly five million people. Some fell into unbreakable comas lasting months, while others suffered relentless insomnia. Many who survived the acute phase later developed a peculiar aftermath-they became human statues, frozen in time. Unlike typical Parkinson's disease, these patients experienced profound "freezing"-becoming motionless for hours, days, or even years. As one patient, Frances D., perfectly described: "I cannot start and I cannot stop. Either I am held still, or I am forced to accelerate." What made these cases particularly haunting was that beneath their frozen exteriors, these patients remained intellectually intact-prisoners in their own bodies. By the 1960s, these forgotten patients had been institutionalized for decades, relegated to back wards of chronic hospitals. At Mount Carmel Hospital in New York, approximately eighty such patients lived in suspended animation, what neurologist von Economo called "extinct volcanoes." Some hadn't spoken or moved voluntarily in over forty years. They existed in what one patient described as "a bottomless darkness and unreality," conscious yet not fully awake.
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